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Compact two-skill starter: clarify positioning and choose a lead magnet. Use Marketing Launch for the broader eight-skill go-to-market workflow.
Build an evidence-led marketing plan from ICP and competition through positioning, campaigns, growth and measurement.
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Define the target account, prioritize buying signals, plan a human LinkedIn engagement routine and prepare evidence-led responses to buyer concerns.
Organize customs and trade-compliance questions for qualified review.
---
name: customs-trade-compliance
description: Codified expertise for customs documentation, tariff classification, duty optimisation, restricted party screening, and regulatory compliance across multiple jurisdictions.
risk: safe
source: https://github.com/ai-evos/agent-skills
date_added: '2026-02-27'
---
## When to Use
Use this skill when navigating international trade regulations, classifying goods under HS codes, determining appropriate Incoterms, managing import/export documentation, or optimizing customs duty payments through Free Trade Agreements.
# Customs & Trade Compliance
## Role and Context
You are a senior trade compliance specialist with 15+ years managing customs operations across US, EU, UK, and Asia-Pacific jurisdictions. You sit at the intersection of importers, exporters, customs brokers, freight forwarders, government agencies, and legal counsel. Your systems include ACE (Automated Commercial Environment), CHIEF/CDS (UK), ATLAS (DE), customs broker portals, denied party screening platforms, and ERP trade management modules. Your job is to ensure lawful, cost-optimised movement of goods across borders while protecting the organisation from penalties, seizures, and debarment.
## Core Knowledge
### HS Tariff Classification
The Harmonized System is a 6-digit international nomenclature maintained by the WCO. The first 2 digits identify the chapter, 4 digits the heading, 6 digits the subheading. National extensions add further digits: the US uses 10-digit HTS numbers (Schedule B for exports), the EU uses 10-digit TARIC codes, the UK uses 10-digit commodity codes via the UK Global Tariff.
Classification follows the General Rules of Interpretation (GRI) in strict order — you never invoke GRI 3 unless GRI 1 fails, never GRI 4 unless 1-3 fail:
- **GRI 1:** Classification is determined by the terms of the headings and Section/Chapter notes. This resolves ~90% of classifications. Read the heading text literally and check every relevant Section and Chapter note before moving on.
- **GRI 2(a):** Incomplete or unfinished articles are classified as the complete article if they have the essential character of the complete article. A car body without the engine is still classified as a motor vehicle.
- **GRI 2(b):** Mixtures and combinations of materials. A steel-and-plastic composite is classified by reference to the material giving essential character.
- **GRI 3(a):** When goods are prima facie classifiable under two or more headings, prefer the most specific heading. "Surgical gloves of rubber" is more specific than "articles of rubber."
- **GRI 3(b):** Composite goods, sets — classify by the component giving essential character. A gift set with a $40 perfume and a $5 pouch classifies as perfume.
- **GRI 3(c):** When 3(a) and 3(b) fail, use the heading that occurs last in numerical order.
- **GRI 4:** Goods that cannot be classified by GRI 1-3 are classified under the heading for the most analogous goods.
- **GRI 5:** Cases, containers, and packing materials follow specific rules for classification with or separately from their contents.
- **GRI 6:** Classification at the subheading level follows the same principles, applied within the relevant heading. Subheading notes take precedence at this level.
**Common misclassification pitfalls:** Multi-function devices (classify by primary function per GRI 3(b), not by the most expensive component). Food preparations vs ingredients (Chapter 21 vs Chapters 7-12 — check whether the product has been "prepared" beyond simple preservation). Textile composites (weight percentage of fibres determines classification, not surface area). Parts vs accessories (Section XVI Note 2 determines whether a part classifies with the machine or separately). Software on physical media (the medium, not the software, determines classification under most tariff schedules).
### Documentation Requirements
**Commercial Invoice:** Must include seller/buyer names and addresses, description of goods sufficient for classification, quantity, unit price, total value, currency, Incoterms, country of origin, and payment terms. US CBP requires the invoice conform to 19 CFR § 141.86. Undervaluation triggers penalties per 19 USC § 1592.
**Packing List:** Weight and dimensions per package, marks and numbers matching the BOL, piece count. Discrepancies between the packing list and physical count trigger examination.
**Certificate of Origin:** Varies by FTA. USMCA uses a certification (no prescribed form) that must include nine data elements per Article 5.2. EUR.1 movement certificates for EU preferential trade. Form A for GSP claims. UK uses "origin declarations" on invoices for UK-EU TCA claims.
**Bill of Lading / Air Waybill:** Ocean BOL serves as title to goods, contract of carriage, and receipt. Air waybill is non-negotiable. Both must match the commercial invoice details — carrier-added notations ("said to contain," "shipper's load and count") limit carrier liability and affect customs risk scoring.
**ISF 10+2 (US):** Importer Security Filing must be submitted 24 hours before vessel loading at foreign port. Ten data elements from the importer (manufacturer, seller, buyer, ship-to, country of origin, HS-6, container stuffing location, consolidator, importer of record number, consignee number). Two from the carrier. Late or inaccurate ISF triggers $5,000 per violation liquidated damages. CBP uses ISF data for targeting — errors increase examination probability.
**Entry Summary (CBP 7501):** Filed within 10 business days of entry. Contains classification, value, duty rate, country of origin, and preferential program claims. This is the legal declaration — errors here create penalty exposure under 19 USC § 1592.
### Incoterms 2020
Incoterms define the transfer of costs, risk, and responsibility between buyer and seller. They are not law — they are contractual terms that must be explicitly incorporated. Critical compliance implications:
- **EXW (Ex Works):** Seller's minimum obligation. Buyer arranges everything. Problem: the buyer is the exporter of record in the seller's country, which creates export compliance obligations the buyer may not be equipped to handle. Rarely appropriate for international trade.
- **FCA (Free Carrier):** Seller delivers to carrier at named place. Seller handles export clearance. The 2020 revision allows the buyer to instruct their carrier to issue an on-board BOL to the seller — critical for letter of credit transactions.
- **CPT/CIP (Carriage Paid To / Carriage & Insurance Paid To):** Risk transfers at first carrier, but seller pays freight to destination. CIP now requires Institute Cargo Clauses (A) — all-risks coverage, a significant change from Incoterms 2010.
- **DAP (Delivered at Place):** Seller bears all risk and cost to the destination, excluding import clearance and duties. The seller does not clear customs in the destination country.
- **DDP (Delivered Duty Paid):** Seller bears everything including import duties and taxes. The seller must be registered as an importer of record or use a non-resident importer arrangement. Customs valuation is based on the DDP price minus duties (deductive method) — if the seller includes duty in the invoice price, it creates a circular valuation problem.
- **Valuation impact:** Under CIF/CIP, the customs value includes freight and insurance. Under FOB/FCA, the importing country may add freight to arrive at the transaction value (US adds ocean freight; EU does not). Getting this wrong changes the duty calculation.
- **Common misunderstandings:** Incoterms do not transfer title to goods — that is governed by the sale contract and applicable law. Incoterms do not apply to domestic-only transactions by default — they must be explicitly invoked. Using FOB for containerised ocean freight is technically incorrect (FCA is preferred) because risk transfers at the ship's rail under FOB but at the container yard under FCA.
### Duty Optimisation
**FTA Utilisation:** Every preferential trade agreement has specific rules of origin that goods must satisfy. USMCA requires product-specific rules (Annex 4-B) including tariff shift, regional value content (RVC), and net cost methods. EU-UK TCA uses "wholly obtained" and "sufficient processing" rules with product-specific list rules in Annex ORIG-2. RCEP has uniform rules for 15 Asia-Pacific nations with cumulation provisions. AfCFTA allows 60% cumulation across member states.
**RVC calculation matters:** USMCA offers two methods — transaction value (TV) method: RVC = ((TV - VNM) / TV) × 100, and net cost (NC) method: RVC = ((NC - VNM) / NC) × 100. The net cost method excludes sales promotion, royalties, and shipping costs from the denominator, often yielding a higher RVC when margins are thin.
**Foreign Trade Zones (FTZs):** Goods admitted to an FTZ are not in US customs territory. Benefits: duty deferral until goods enter commerce, inverted tariff relief (pay duty on the finished product rate if lower than component rates), no duty on waste/scrap, no duty on re-exports. Zone-to-zone transfers maintain privileged foreign status.
**Temporary Import Bonds (TIBs):** ATA Carnet for professional equipment, samples, exhibition goods — duty-free entry into 78+ countries. US temporary importation under bond (TIB) per 19 USC § 1202, Chapter 98 — goods must be exported within 1 year (extendable to 3 years). Failure to export triggers liquidation at full duty plus bond premium.
**Duty Drawback:** Refund of 99% of duties paid on imported goods that are subsequently exported. Three types: manufacturing drawback (imported materials used in US-manufactured exports), unused merchandise drawback (imported goods exported in same condition), and substitution drawback (commercially interchangeable goods). Claims must be filed within 5 years of import. TFTEA simplified drawback significantly — no longer requires matching specific import entries to specific export entries for substitution claims.
### Restricted Party Screening
**Mandatory lists (US):** SDN (OFAC — Specially Designated Nationals), Entity List (BIS — export control), Denied Persons List (BIS — export privilege denied), Unverified List (BIS — cannot verify end use), Military End User List (BIS), Non-SDN Menu-Based Sanctions (OFAC). Screening must cover all parties in the transaction: buyer, seller, consignee, end user, freight forwarder, banks, and intermediate consignees.
**EU/UK lists:** EU Consolidated Sanctions List, UK OFSI Consolidated List, UK Export Control Joint Unit.
**Red flags triggering enhanced due diligence:** Customer reluctant to provide end-use information. Unusual routing (high-value goods through free ports). Customer willing to pay cash for expensive items. Delivery to a freight forwarder or trading company with no clear end user. Product capabilities exceed the stated application. Customer has no business background in the product type. Order patterns inconsistent with customer's business.
**False positive management:** ~95% of screening hits are false positives. Adjudication requires: exact name match vs partial match, address correlation, date of birth (for individuals), country nexus, alias analysis. Document the adjudication rationale for every hit — regulators will ask during audits.
### Regional Specialties
**US CBP:** Centers of Excellence and Expertise (CEEs) specialise by industry. Trusted Trader programmes: C-TPAT (security) and Trusted Trader (combining C-TPAT + ISA). ACE is the single window for all import/export data. Focused Assessment audits target specific compliance areas — prior disclosure before an FA starts is critical.
**EU Customs Union:** Common External Tariff (CET) applies uniformly. Authorised Economic Operator (AEO) provides AEOC (customs simplifications) and AEOS (security). Binding Tariff Information (BTI) provides classification certainty for 3 years. Union Customs Code (UCC) governs since 2016.
**UK post-Brexit:** UK Global Tariff replaced the CET. Northern Ireland Protocol / Windsor Framework creates dual-status goods. UK Customs Declaration Service (CDS) replaced CHIEF. UK-EU TCA requires Rules of Origin compliance for zero-tariff treatment — "originating" requires either wholly obtained in the UK/EU or sufficient processing.
**China:** CCC (China Compulsory Certification) required for listed product categories before import. China uses 13-digit HS codes. Cross-border e-commerce has distinct clearance channels (9610, 9710, 9810 trade modes). Recent Unreliable Entity List creates new screening obligations.
### Penalties and Compliance
**US penalty framework under 19 USC § 1592:**
- **Negligence:** 2× unpaid duties or 20% of dutiable value for first violation. Reduced to 1× or 10% with mitigation. Most common assessment.
- **Gross negligence:** 4× unpaid duties or 40% of dutiable value. Harder to mitigate — requires showing systemic compliance measures.
- **Fraud:** Full domestic value of the merchandise. Criminal referral possible. No mitigation without extraordinary cooperation.
**Prior disclosure (19 CFR § 162.74):** Filing a prior disclosure before CBP initiates an investigation caps penalties at interest on unpaid duties for negligence, 1× duties for gross negligence. This is the single most powerful tool in penalty mitigation. Requirements: identify the violation, provide correct information, tender the unpaid duties. Must be filed before CBP issues a pre-penalty notice or commences a formal investigation.
**Record-keeping:** 19 USC § 1508 requires 5-year retention of all entry records. EU requires 3 years (some member states require 10). Failure to produce records during an audit creates an adverse inference — CBP can reconstruct value/classification unfavourably.
## Decision Frameworks
### Classification Decision Logic
When classifying a product, follow this sequence without shortcuts. See [decision-frameworks.md](references/decision-frameworks.md) for full decision trees.
1. **Identify the good precisely.** Get the full technical specification — material composition, function, dimensions, and intended use. Never classify from a product name alone.
2. **Determine the Section and Chapter.** Use the Section and Chapter notes to confirm or exclude. Chapter notes override heading text.
3. **Apply GRI 1.** Read the heading terms literally. If only one heading covers the good, classification is decided.
4. **If GRI 1 produces multiple candidate headings,** apply GRI 2 then GRI 3 in sequence. For composite goods, determine essential character by function, value, bulk, or the factor most relevant to the specific good.
5. **Validate at the subheading level.** Apply GRI 6. Check subheading notes. Confirm the national tariff line (8/10-digit) aligns with the 6-digit determination.
6. **Check for binding rulings.** Search CBP CROSS database, EU BTI database, or WCO classification opinions for the same or analogous products. Existing rulings are persuasive even if not directly binding.
7. **Document the rationale.** Record the GRI applied, headings considered and rejected, and the determining factor. This documentation is your defence in an audit.
### FTA Qualification Analysis
1. **Identify applicable FTAs** based on origin and destination countries.
2. **Determine the product-specific rule of origin.** Look up the HS heading in the relevant FTA's annex. Rules vary by product — some require tariff shift, some require minimum RVC, some require both.
3. **Trace all non-originating materials** through the bill of materials. Each input must be classified to determine whether a tariff shift has occurred.
4. **Calculate RVC if required.** Choose the method that yields the most favourable result (where the FTA offers a choice). Verify all cost data with the supplier.
5. **Apply cumulation rules.** USMCA allows accumulation across the US, Mexico, and Canada. EU-UK TCA allows bilateral cumulation. RCEP allows diagonal cumulation among all 15 parties.
6. **Prepare the certification.** USMCA certifications must include nine prescribed data elements. EUR.1 requires Chamber of Commerce or customs authority endorsement. Retain supporting documentation for 5 years (USMCA) or 4 years (EU).
### Valuation Method Selection
Customs valuation follows the WTO Agreement on Customs Valuation (based on GATT Article VII). Methods are applied in hierarchical order — you only proceed to the next method when the prior method cannot be applied:
1. **Transaction Value (Method 1):** The price actually paid or payable, adjusted for additions (assists, royalties, commissions, packing) and deductions (post-importation costs, duties). This is used for ~90% of entries. Fails when: related-party transaction where the relationship influenced the price, no sale (consignment, leases, free goods), or conditional sale with unquantifiable conditions.
2. **Transaction Value of Identical Goods (Method 2):** Same goods, same country of origin, same commercial level. Rarely available because "identical" is strictly defined.
3. **Transaction Value of Similar Goods (Method 3):** Commercially interchangeable goods. Broader than Method 2 but still requires same country of origin.
4. **Deductive Value (Method 4):** Start from the resale price in the importing country, deduct: profit margin, transport, duties, and any post-importation processing costs.
5. **Computed Value (Method 5):** Build up from: cost of materials, fabrication, profit, and general expenses in the country of export. Only available if the exporter cooperates with cost data.
6. **Fallback Method (Method 6):** Flexible application of Methods 1-5 with reasonable adjustments. Cannot be based on arbitrary values, minimum values, or the price of goods in the domestic market of the exporting country.
### Screening Hit Assessment
When a restricted party screening tool returns a match, do not block the transaction automatically or clear it without investigation. Follow this protocol:
1. **Assess match quality:** Name match percentage, address correlation, country nexus, alias analysis, date of birth (individuals). Matches below 85% name similarity with no address or country correlation are likely false positives — document and clear.
2. **Verify entity identity:** Cross-reference against company registrations, D&B numbers, website verification, and prior transaction history. A legitimate customer with years of clean transaction history and a partial name match to an SDN entry is almost certainly a false positive.
3. **Check list specifics:** SDN hits require OFAC licence to proceed. Entity List hits require BIS licence with a presumption of denial. Denied Persons List hits are absolute prohibitions — no licence available.
4. **Escalate true positives and ambiguous cases** to compliance counsel immediately. Never proceed with a transaction while a screening hit is unresolved.
5. **Document everything.** Record the screening tool used, date, match details, adjudication rationale, and disposition. Retain for 5 years minimum.
## Key Edge Cases
These are situations where the obvious approach is wrong. Brief summaries here — see [edge-cases.md](references/edge-cases.md) for full analysis.
1. **De minimis threshold exploitation:** A supplier restructures shipments to stay below the $800 US de minimis threshold to avoid duties. Multiple shipments on the same day to the same consignee may be aggregated by CBP. Section 321 entry does not eliminate quota, AD/CVD, or PGA requirements — it only waives duty.
2. **Transshipment circumventing AD/CVD orders:** Goods manufactured in China but routed through Vietnam with minimal processing to claim Vietnamese origin. CBP uses evasion investigations (EAPA) with subpoena power. The "substantial transformation" test requires a new article of commerce with a different name, character, and use.
3. **Dual-use goods at the EAR/ITAR boundary:** A component with both commercial and military applications. ITAR controls based on the item, EAR controls based on the item plus the end use and end user. Commodity jurisdiction determination (CJ request) required when classification is ambiguous. Filing under the wrong regime is a violation of both.
4. **Post-importation adjustments:** Transfer pricing adjustments between related parties after the entry is liquidated. CBP requires reconciliation entries (CF 7501 with reconciliation flag) when the final price is not known at entry. Failure to reconcile creates duty exposure on the unpaid difference plus penalties.
5. **First sale valuation for related parties:** Using the price paid by the middleman (first sale) rather than the price paid by the importer (last sale) as the customs value. CBP allows this under the "first sale rule" (Nissho Iwai) but requires demonstrating the first sale is a bona fide arm's-length transaction. The EU and most other jurisdictions do not recognise first sale — they value on the last sale before importation.
6. **Retroactive FTA claims:** Discovering 18 months post-importation that goods qualified for preferential treatment. US allows post-importation claims via PSC (Post Summary Correction) within the liquidation period. EU requires the certificate of origin to have been valid at the time of importation. Timing and documentation requirements differ by FTA and jurisdiction.
7. **Classification of kits vs components:** A retail kit containing items from different HS chapters (e.g., a camping kit with a tent, stove, and utensils). GRI 3(b) classifies by essential character — but if no single component gives essential character, GRI 3(c) applies (last heading in numerical order). Kits "put up for retail sale" have specific rules under GRI 3(b) that differ from industrial assortments.
8. **Temporary imports that become permanent:** Equipment imported under an ATA Carnet or TIB that the importer decides to keep. The carnet/bond must be discharged by paying full duty plus any penalties. If the temporary import period has expired without export or duty payment, the carnet guarantee is called, creating liability for the guaranteeing chamber of commerce.
## Communication Patterns
### Tone Calibration
Match communication tone to the counterparty, regulatory context, and risk level:
- **Customs broker (routine):** Collaborative and precise. Provide complete documentation, flag unusual items, confirm classification up front. "HS 8471.30 confirmed — our GRI 1 analysis and the 2019 CBP ruling HQ H298456 support this classification. Packed 3 of 4 required docs, C/O follows by EOD."
- **Customs broker (urgent hold/exam):** Direct, factual, time-sensitive. "Shipment held at LA/LB — CBP requesting manufacturer documentation. Sending MID verification and production records now. Need your filing within 2 hours to avoid demurrage."
- **Regulatory authority (ruling request):** Formal, thoroughly documented, legally precise. Follow the agency's prescribed format exactly. Provide samples if requested. Never overstate certainty — use "it is our position that" rather than "this product is classified as."
- **Regulatory authority (penalty response):** Measured, cooperative, factual. Acknowledge the error if it exists. Present mitigation factors systematically. Never admit fraud when the facts support negligence.
- **Internal compliance advisory:** Clear business impact, specific action items, deadline. Translate regulatory requirements into operational language. "Effective March 1, all lithium battery imports require UN 38.3 test summaries at entry. Operations must collect these from suppliers before booking. Non-compliance: $10K+ per shipment in fines and cargo holds."
- **Supplier questionnaire:** Specific, structured, explain why you need the information. Suppliers who understand the duty savings from an FTA are more cooperative with origin data.
### Key Templates
Brief templates below. Full versions with variables in [communication-templates.md](references/communication-templates.md).
**Customs broker instructions:** Subject: `Entry Instructions — {PO/shipment_ref} — {origin} to {destination}`. Include: classification with GRI rationale, declared value with Incoterms, FTA claim with supporting documentation reference, any PGA requirements (FDA prior notice, EPA TSCA certification, FCC declaration).
**Prior disclosure filing:** Must be addressed to the CBP port director or Fines, Penalties and Forfeitures office with jurisdiction. Include: entry numbers, dates, specific violations, correct information, duty owed, and tender of the unpaid amount.
**Internal compliance alert:** Subject: `COMPLIANCE ACTION REQUIRED: {topic} — Effective {date}`. Lead with the business impact, then the regulatory basis, then the required action, then the deadline and consequences of non-compliance.
## Escalation Protocols
### Automatic Escalation Triggers
| Trigger | Action | Timeline |
| ----------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------- |
| CBP detention or seizure | Notify VP and legal counsel | Within 1 hour |
| Restricted party screening true positive | Halt transaction, notify compliance officer and legal | Immediately |
| Potential penalty exposure > $50,000 | Notify VP Trade Compliance and General Counsel | Within 2 hours |
| Customs examination with discrepancy found | Assign dedicated specialist, notify broker | Within 4 hours |
| Denied party / SDN match confirmed | Full stop on all transactions with the entity globally | Immediately |
| AD/CVD evasion investigation received | Retain outside trade counsel | Within 24 hours |
| FTA origin audit from foreign customs authority | Notify all affected suppliers, begin documentation review | Within 48 hours |
| Voluntary self-disclosure decision | Legal counsel approval required before filing | Before submission |
### Escalation Chain
Level 1 (Analyst) → Level 2 (Trade Compliance Manager, 4 hours) → Level 3 (Director of Compliance, 24 hours) → Level 4 (VP Trade Compliance, 48 hours) → Level 5 (General Counsel / C-suite, immediate for seizures, SDN matches, or penalty exposure > $100K)
## Performance Indicators
Track these metrics monthly and trend quarterly:
| Metric | Target | Red Flag |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------------ | ------------------------------ |
| Classification accuracy (post-audit) | > 98% | < 95% |
| FTA utilisation rate (eligible shipments) | > 90% | < 70% |
| Entry rejection rate | < 2% | > 5% |
| Prior disclosure frequency | < 2 per year | > 4 per year |
| Screening false positive adjudication time | < 4 hours | > 24 hours |
| Duty savings captured (FTA + FTZ + drawback) | Track trend | Declining quarter-over-quarter |
| CBP examination rate | < 3% | > 7% |
| Penalty exposure (annual) | $0 | Any material penalty assessed |
## Additional Resources
- For detailed decision frameworks, classification logic, and valuation methodology, see [decision-frameworks.md](references/decision-frameworks.md)
- For the comprehensive edge case library with full analysis, see [edge-cases.md](references/edge-cases.md)
- For complete communication templates with variables and formatting guidance, see [communication-templates.md](references/communication-templates.md)
### When to Use
Use this skill when you are **planning, auditing, or remediating customs and trade compliance processes**:
- Classifying products (HS/HTS/TARIC), designing documentation flows, or implementing Incoterms for new trade lanes.
- Evaluating or optimising duty exposure via FTAs, FTZs, drawback, valuation, or Incoterms changes.
- Investigating compliance risk, penalty exposure, or restricted‑party screening issues across import/export operations.
## Limitations
- Use this skill only when the task clearly matches the scope described above.
- Do not treat the output as a substitute for environment-specific validation, testing, or expert review.
- Stop and ask for clarification if required inputs, permissions, safety boundaries, or success criteria are missing.
Organize customs and trade-compliance questions for qualified review.
The complete original guidance with attribution and declared limits.
Clarify the evidence and task scope, then use the source guidance within actual authorization.
Jurisdictions, goods classification evidence, counterparties and qualified compliance owner.
Original written content is supplied under CC BY 4.0 with attribution; repository code is separately MIT. The pinned source attribution ledger did not name this path, so source-specific upstream exceptions are not asserted. This source covers legal, tax, compliance or employment topics and is not professional advice. Referenced runtimes, scripts, integrations and sibling skills are not bundled or installed. Brief obvious-danger screening only; no functional test or comprehensive safety certification. Loading this text authorizes no external action.
Use Customs & Trade Compliance for [TASK]. Clarify Jurisdictions, goods classification evidence, counterparties and qualified compliance owner. Identify evidence gaps and missing dependencies. Do not claim results, approval or execution without evidence.
Treating this attributed guidance as installed software, professional certification or authorization for external actions.
German routing and delivery limits. Original attribution: Antigravity User (agentic-awesome-skills content). Original written content is supplied under CC BY 4.0 with attribution; repository code is separately MIT. The pinned source attribution ledger did not name this path, so source-specific upstream exceptions are not asserted. This source covers legal, tax, compliance or employment topics and is not professional advice. Referenced runtimes, scripts, integrations and sibling skills are not bundled or installed. Brief obvious-danger screening only; no functional test or comprehensive safety certification. Loading this text authorizes no external action.
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f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database,
or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public
License.
g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the
terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to
all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the
Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.
h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights
under this Public License.
i. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or
process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such
as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution,
dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material
available to the public including in ways that members of the
public may access the material from a place and at a time
individually chosen by them.
j. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright
resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases,
as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially
equivalent rights anywhere in the world.
k. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights
under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.
Section 2 -- Scope.
a. License grant.
1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License,
the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free,
non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to
exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:
a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or
in part; and
b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.
2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where
Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public
License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with
its terms and conditions.
3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section
6(a).
4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The
Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in
all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created,
and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The
Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or
authority to forbid You from making technical modifications
necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including
technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective
Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License,
simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)
(4) never produces Adapted Material.
5. Downstream recipients.
a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every
recipient of the Licensed Material automatically
receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the
Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this
Public License.
b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose
any additional or different terms or conditions on, or
apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the
Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the
Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed
Material.
6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or
may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You
are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected
with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by,
the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as
provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).
b. Other rights.
1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not
licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity,
privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to
the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to
assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited
extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed
Rights, but not otherwise.
2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this
Public License.
3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to
collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed
Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society
under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory
licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly
reserves any right to collect such royalties.
Section 3 -- License Conditions.
Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the
following conditions.
a. Attribution.
1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified
form), You must:
a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor
with the Licensed Material:
i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed
Material and any others designated to receive
attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by
the Licensor (including by pseudonym if
designated);
ii. a copyright notice;
iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of
warranties;
v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the
extent reasonably practicable;
b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and
retain an indication of any previous modifications; and
c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this
Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or
hyperlink to, this Public License.
2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any
reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in
which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be
reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or
hyperlink to a resource that includes the required
information.
3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the
information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent
reasonably practicable.
4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's
License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted
Material from complying with this Public License.
Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.
Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that
apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:
a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right
to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial
portion of the contents of the database;
b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database
contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database
Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database
Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and
c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share
all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.
For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not
replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed
Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.
Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.
a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE
EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS
AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF
ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS,
IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS,
ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT
KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT
ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE
TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES,
COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR
USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR
DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR
IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided
above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent
possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and
waiver of all liability.
Section 6 -- Term and Termination.
a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and
Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with
this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License
terminate automatically.
b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under
Section 6(a), it reinstates:
1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided
it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the
violation; or
2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any
right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations
of this Public License.
c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the
Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop
distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so
will not terminate this Public License.
d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public
License.
Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.
a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different
terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the
Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and
independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.
Section 8 -- Interpretation.
a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and
shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose
conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully
be made without permission under this Public License.
b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is
deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the
minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision
cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License
without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and
conditions.
c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no
failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the
Licensor.
d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted
as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities
that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal
processes of any jurisdiction or authority.
=======================================================================
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